When submitting studies involving human participants, authors must follow ICMJE recommendations on privacy and informed consent. Identifiable patient data such as descriptions, photos, or genetic information can only be published with written informed consent, which requires showing the patient the manuscript prior to publication. If the patient is deceased, consent must be obtained from the family or estate. Authors must secure this consent and keep records but do not need to submit them to the journal. Consent should specify that the manuscript may be published online, in print, and shared via social media.

For animal studies, authors must confirm that the animals were cared for according to institutional or national standards. All experiments should comply with relevant guidelines, and procedures must minimize harm to the animals, with anesthetics and analgesics clearly described.

Approval from an ethics committee is required for all clinical and animal studies. Researchers are encouraged to register clinical trials in public databases, such as clinicaltrials.gov, with the trial number and detailed methods included in the manuscript.